Spotify uses 2 algorithms to figure out who to push your music to. The first uses listener generated data to categorize your music. The second analyzes the song using AI as well as data generated by YOU. Effectively tagging your song gives you a head start when releasing on Spotify.
Use distributor genre tags
Even if your specific subgenre is not listed, choose a primary and secondary genre that best describes a particular songs tone. This gets sent to Spotify and helps identify who the song will be pushed to using their algorithm
Collaborate with artist with similar sounds
Having an artist featured on a song automatically tells Spotifys algorithms that your music is related. According to Spotify, "The Fans Also Like tab on your artist profile is determined by algorithms, using a combination of your fans' listening habits on Spotify, and music discussions and trends happening around the internet."
Use Spotify for artists pitch tools
These tools give you the opportunity to be added to one of Spotifys many large editorial playlists. Always upload your music far before your release date; this gives editors plenty of time to review your track. Even if you dont make it onto a playlist, the submission process further categorizes your song, and allows Spotify to gather more information on the genre
Upload your lyrics
Spotifys AI uses song lyrics to categorize specific moods and themes conveyed in the song to further determine who it should push it to. Distributors like Distrokid allow artists to not only upload lyrics, but you are able to program them to scroll with the song. This is not only good for the algorithm, but increases listener retention.
When it comes to promoting music, there are practically an unlimited amount tools available for free. The most important of these are Tiktok and Instagram. Using these platforms in tandem can maximize engagement and help jumpstart your career.
In 2022, an official document from Tiktok was obtained by the New York Times. This article essentially explained how Tiktok uses algorithms to place content with users.
Stated by tiktok itself, the main values of the algorithm are “user value, long term user value, creator value, and platform value”. Although engagement is a major factor in the algorithm's perception of you, it mainly focuses on retention (how long you watch the video before scrolling).
The main goal of the algorithm is to keep you watching a video to the end, and to keep you on the app as long as possible (the document obtained by the NYT calls this the “ultimate goal”). This article actually gives us a (simplified) equation used by the algorithm: Plike X Vlike + Pcomment X Vcomment + Eplaytime X Vplaytime + Pplay X Vplay. This equation then gives users a score, and continues showing you those creators you “scored” the highest on (let's say you liked, commented, and watched a creators video all the way through, this will result in the algorithm showing you more of the creators videos).
This also works on video styles, for example, if you like a video in the style of a reddit story, you will be shown more of those videos, regardless of the creator posting them. This article includes a flow chart of how the algorithm perceives and prioritizes engagement, listing all of the previous factors, as well as creator monetization (paid creators will make more engaging, higher quality videos, retaining viewers).
Source: NYT
One of the most important parts of gearing up for a release is generating hype. Not only will this entice users to return to your profile in the days/weeks leading up to the release, it also increases the probability of your song being added to an editorial playlist.
There are several ways to introduce songs; proven methods tend to revolve around the final stages of creation. A great example of this is Roderick Porter; amassing 932K Spotify listeners & 272K Tiktok followers, Roderick takes a unique approach to his music and promotion. He uses unique sampling in his production to generate interest and build hype for upcoming releases. This video sits with over 3M views, and the released song obtained 1.6M streams, landing on an editorial playlist with 132K likes.
Tiktok is heavily based on trends, with every video having a sound attached to it. It is crucial for users to know the lyrics of the song if they intend to use it for context that is not just background music. This can be done automatically through Capcut, a free editing app partnered with Tiktok. Capcut is also a powerful tool for mobile editing, and can be shared directly to Tiktok
You can do this with the debut of the song, or let it marinade for a bit before announcing a set release date. No matter which you choose, emphasis needs to be placed on when the song comes out so viewers can save the date.
When promoting a song, it is incredibly important that your content doesn't become stale. Re-using the same format and snippet for a video works if that format goes viral, however, if the style isn't working, it's time to switch it up. Artists tend to promote one part of the song, which is important for creating recognition and new followers, but your current followers will get turned off if they hear the same 15 seconds over and over again. Switching up the snippet/aesthetics will retain followers as well as generate new ones.
Most Tiktok users aren't using the app to discover new music, so making your content entertaining is a great way to generate followers that typically wouldn't follow artists. Humor is a great way to do this, especially when the video doesn't feel like promo. Users will follow you because you're funny, and if the song is good, they will listen to it.
Random Chance does an excellent job with this type of promotion; his video doesn't feel like promotional content, but still displays his music in a way that feels organic.
Tiktok is a fast paced platform, and users are quick to skip past a video. If your video looks good, users will watch longer, which results in Tiktok pushing your video harder. The way you and your environment look is important, and ideally should match the style of your song.
Performance videos tend to do well on Tiktok, especially if there's a twist. CIL did an excellent job with taking advantage of this format. Not only was it an amazing performance, but she gained the attention 8.5M users by claiming her ex was in the crowd. Whether or not this is true, it worked, and shows how exaggeration is important in viral marketing.
Another great way to retain viewers is to show the creation process, whether this be for the song/video/tour, allowing viewers to see the process is not only enticing, but also inspiring for other artists. It makes for an interesting video, and lets fans feel more connected to you as an artist
There are several ways to do this, most notably is the open verse challenge. Singer songwriter Sadie Jean jump started her music career by simply pointing a spoon at the camera and encouraging users to add their own verse to her song. Since this video dropped a year ago, her song "WYD now?" has obtained just shy of 100M streams on spotify alone. Other examples of this include rapper $NOT encouraging the car community to post their cars to his song, which he then rated. Encouraging engagement such as stitches and duets will trip Tiktoks algorithm, and even if users don't see the original video, they will still be exposed to your song via other users.
Tiktok is one of the most powerful marketing tools available to small artists. Be consistent, be yourself, and don't be afraid to venture out of your comfort zone.
Instagram uses algorithms to rank posts by “signals” present in the post. These signals are then broken down and ranked. In order, these signals are: information about the post, information about the person who posted, your activity, and your history of interacting with someone. These signals allow instagram to make predictions about your likeliness to interact with the post.
They break engagement down to 5 categories: how long you spend viewing the post, if you comment, like, or share, and if you visit the profile. The more likely you are to interact with a post, the higher on your feed it's pushed.
Source: Instagram
Instagram's algorithm recognizes people, and pushes those post to a wider audience. When creating a post with multiple images/videos, make the first image a clear picture of you.
New followers are more likely to convert to listeners if you have short previews of your music easily accessible on your account. Instagram may not push these as they would a photo of you, but having your music easily accessible to fans will generate more click throughs
Stories are a great way to generate engagement, but each story post within a 24 hour period will get less and less views as users skip past your story. Keep it simple and don't spam.
Instagram allows anyone with a public facebook page to change their account to a business account, giving you access to detailed insights, as well as widgets on your profile. Always have your music easily accessible in you bio link. Use free landing page services to have all your streaming links in one place.
Engaging with your fans through DMs, as well as responding to comments, is a great way to create steady engagement with your post. People want to feel seen, and simply having a conversation with a fan can make a huge difference. When people feel like they know you, they are more likely to show increased support across all platforms.
Reels is Instagrams take on Tiktok, and although it is not as popular, posting reels (even if it's just what you have posted on TIktok) is important for generating new followers. Unlike your posts, Instagram pushes reels to people that dont follow you. This can increase followers, turnover, and engagement with your standard posts. Instagram also allows you to monetize reels.